The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists – Review

I intend to review â€Å"The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists† by Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. The reason for choosing this article for review is simply because of its relevance today throughout the Middle East and how the American foreign policy is drastically changing the dynamics of the world. Schmidt and Williams use the elements of the neoconservative Bush Doctrine to show the direct contrast between realists and neoconservatives. The authors use the Bush Doctrine as an anchor to demonstrate realists’ anti-war views as the Bush Doctrine â€Å"provided the key rationale for the Iraq War. This is the main theme of the paper and the authors express this throughout the paper in a fascinating, enthralling fashion. The previously supported neoconservative project has been fatally wounded through its invasion of Iraq. The Bush Doctrine does in fact â€Å"represent an abrupt and unprecedented shift in American foreign policy. â⠂¬  The United States of America had been the most influential nation in the entire world (â€Å"land of opportunity†), with its huge military force and dominate economic position, but with this doctrine came a wave of unexpected anti-Americanism.Schmidt and Williams make reference to Morgenthau and his struggles to â€Å"to convince American foreign policy officials of the dangers of conceptualizing the national interest in universalistic moral terms. † I agree with his mind-set that the Iraqi invasion was â€Å"national-suicide† and bruised the image of America worldwide. His vision that spreading democracy would result in disaster may have been pessimistic but was completely accurate. American realists were right from the offset; they believed that it was â€Å"unnecessary and counterproductive to invade Iraq. † And in hindsight they were extremely correct.However they failed to â€Å"steer America away from the road to war. † If all the eviden ce was weak, vague, and â€Å"baseless† , why did realists fail to persuade the public that the invasion would prove to be disastrous? This is what Schmidt and Williams set out to solve. One of the most chilling yet accurate quotes of the article is: â€Å"their wisdom only taking flight at dusk—when most of the damage has already been done. † It was important to publish these ideas to demonstrate how gullible the American public (and even Congress) were in following the Bush administration to war and to ensure that this aggressive strategy is never repeated.It was also important to publish this article to illustrate the future implications of the Iraqi war on the U. S foreign policy. Schmidt and Williams use different methods throughout the article to reach their conclusions. They state and evaluate the arguments that realists adopted in order to defer America from invading Iraq. They also demonstrate the tactics used by neoconservatives to undermine and defeat realists in the lead up to the war in Iraq. The authors engage in these different methods to reach conclusions as to why realism ultimately failed in the Iraqi debate.The subjects in this article are visibly neoconservatives and realists. It is clear from this article that neoconservatives and realists share a very different outlook. One of the most accurate yet sombre quotes is: â€Å"As Mearsheimer sees it, realism quickly unravels the neoconservatives' faulty logic and explains the current reality of the Iraq situation. † This statement oppresses me as it was too late to materialize and fight against the decision to invade Iraq. The authors draw on John Ikenberry and his belief that terrorists â€Å"â€Å"cannot be deterred because they are either willing to die for their cause or able to escape retaliation. This is a brilliant quote used by Schmidt and Williams in this article as it shows the apparent ruthlessness of these ‘terrorists’. They use elements o f the Bush Doctrine to demonstrate the tactics used by neoconservatives to persuade the American public towards supporting the invasion of Iraq. Drawing on these elements is a very intriguing technique and draws the reader in. The authors point out from the offset that the Bush Doctrines goal was for the United States â€Å"to preserve its hegemonic position for the indefinite future. † This is a brash statement demonstrates neoconservative’s belief in a unipolar America.By referring to the Bush Doctrine in this article the authors demonstrate the idealistic notions of neoconservatives and their belief that America â€Å"leadership as a prerequisite for an orderly and peaceful world. † The authors use a brilliant quote to depict the neoconservatives ultimately naive and unipolar view that ‘one-size fits all’: â€Å"American hegemony is the only reliable defence against a breakdown of peace and international order. † The authors cleverly repro duce a metaphor used by Mearsheimer: â€Å"Wilsonism with teeth† which brilliantly depicts neoconservatives’ absolute belief in unilateralism and America being the sole superpower.It captured my attention as a reader drawing me in to the article. Schmidt and Williams make reference to Walt’s argument: â€Å"how can other states be comfortable and secure when U. S. decisions affect all of their interests, and when the United States is strong enough to act pretty much as it wishes? † This is a brilliant rhetoric question which draws the reader in. Through the use of rhetoric question the author’s emphasis their point that the United States do in fact pose a huge threat to the rest of the world. The authors use impeccable language to express their point that neoconservative and realist views are in direct contrast.Alliteration (‘p’ repetition) is used in the following sentence which, in my opinion as a reader, draws the audience in becaus e of its dramatic and memorable effect: â€Å"Rather than a prescription for peace, as most realists maintain, neoconservatives view balance-of power politics as both unnecessary and a hindrance to achieving American national interests, while America's preeminent position in the world obviates the need for traditional balance-of-power diplomacy. † Schmidt and Williams state that realism â€Å"lacks any view beyond narrowly strategic material calculation, narrowly pragmatic judgment, or pluralist competition. I agree with this statement, realists to carry a very pessimistic, strategic view. This is not suitable in modern politics due to globalization. In my opinion the major weakness of the article is that Schmidt and Williams fail to give a solid resolution to the problem and how to restore America’s image abroad and how to improve the future of the US foreign policy. In the conclusion Schmidt and Williams ask the all-important question: â€Å"can realism make its an alytic positions politically powerful? † In my opinion the answer is yes but only if realists develop their ideas to suit the modern world today.Traditional realism has most definitely surpassed, however, following the full failure of the Bush administration, realists will be called upon in order to guide the American foreign policy and restore its pride and glory that took centuries to build. In my essay I reviewed the article â€Å"The Bush Doctrine and the Iraq War: Neoconservatives vs. Realists† by Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams. I decided to illustrate the main theme at the start of my essay and explained why I thought it was important that these ideas were published.I followed by explaining the author’s methodology and described the basic results from their research. I proceeded by declaring the articles strengths and weaknesses, particularly focusing on the writing skills used by Schmidt and Williams. Finally, I reviewed the conclusion. I found t his article particularly interesting and thought provoking. I have always been exposed to the heroic attributes of America because of the propaganda media broadcasted; however, Brian C. Schmidt and Michael C. Williams illustrate a quite unbiased view of the nation and the possible future implications of the U. S foreign policy.

Comparison of Wilfred Owen Poems Essay

Wilfred Owen is a twentieth century poetry writer who was born in Oswestry in Shropshire. In 1915 he enlisted fighting on the western front. During a spell in the Craglockhart hospital he met Seigfried Sassoon who encouraged him to develop his poetry. Owens’s poems are amongst the most famous and poignant of the war. He died in1918 trying to cross the Sambre canal. From his work I will analyse and study two poems. The poems which I have chosen are Dulce Et Decorum Est and Disabled. The reason why I decided to analyse these poems is because I felt that they both told a catastrophic and heartbreaking story of what war was really like. Both of these poems were written at a time when Wilfred Owen seemed to be bitter, some may say disenchanted by the whole situation. Arguably his most famous poem, ‘Dulce et Decorum Est’, is a fine example of his narrative, first-person poems, written through his own eyes and based on his own experiences and views of the war. I have chosen to describe Dulce Et because it shows the struggle of a group of people who have to overcome the most extraordinary events day in day out. I have chosen Disabled because it shows the struggle of one man who everyday contemplates his wasted life. All he has are the memories but they seem to become more distant as the days go on. Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patri Mori translated in to English means It Is Sweet And Honourable To Die For Ones Country. If someone is reading the poem for the first time and learns of the English meaning of the title before reading the poem they may feel it is a poem that represents the army in a positive way. However this assumption could not be further from the truth. After reading the poem a number of times I have come to a conclusion that Owen has titled this poem Dulce Et Decorum Est because of the strong statement that he makes in the poem. In a way I get the feeling that Owen was mocking the saying but I do not think he was mocking the army as a whole just that single principal. The soldiers are weighed down by all the things that they are carrying, perhaps they are even weighed down by the expectation of their country. Owen says, † Till on the haunting flares we turned our backs† The soldiers are exhausted and so tired that even when the flares go off behind them they do not have the energy to or even feel like turning around to see them. Owen describes the soldiers as being â€Å"Drunk with fatigue† He is saying that the soldiers are so tired that it is as though they are drunk. Owen is trying to say that the soldiers are as though they do not know entirely what they are doing. They are just being led along like zombies because they are inexperience and have no clue to what is happening. These men are but mere shadows of the bright vibrant people that started on this epic journey. The pace of the poem quickens in the second stanza. The soldiers are awoken by a gas attack. This effectively shatters the mood that Owen has told of us in the opening stanza. The soldiers are now awoken by the fact that their lives are in extreme danger and they now have to be fully aware of all their surroundings. Owen says, † Dim through the misty panes and thick green light, As under a green sea, I saw him drowning† The green light Owen talks of is the sight of toxic gas which they can see through their gas masks. Owen uses a simile saying that the man is drowning in a green sea. The reality of this is that the man is drowning in a sea of his own toxic blood. He tells us how this memory has stayed with him. The sickening sight of a man plunging at him. Owen seems to have a great fear of the gas attacks when he talks about them. He talks of all of the nightmares he has had because of the war and this event in particular He states, â€Å"In all my dreams before my helpless sight† The word ‘helpless’ shows that he could not do nothing to help that man apart from stare at him and feel sorry for him. He describes how the man was taken away and the narrator Owen walked behind and saw his face. Owen is still haunted by the nightmare. â€Å"We flung him in† The dead bodies are treated like meat there are so many deaths it becomes like a routine thing. He realises the horror that is standing behind the man who has been gassed to death. â€Å"My friend, you would not tell with such high zest To children ardent for some desperate glory.† Owen is saying that if you could see the horrific events he had seen then you would not believe the lie. By saying this he is expressing the bitterness he has not only for the army but the situation as a whole. He believes that the army has portrayed the life of a soldier at war as being heroic and exciting but in real life it is the complete opposite. Owen adds more examples of this throughout the last stanza for example he says, â€Å"If you could hear, at every jolt, the blood Come gargling from the froth coming-corrupted lungs,† In this quote he describes the situation that the men where in and how their lungs were pumping out blood instead of air. Owen is trying to make the reader understand that the war was told to be very fascinating and an intriguing experience but in reality that is far from the truth. Owens main question to the reader in the last stanza is before going into the army think carefully about what you are doing as you might experience something in great contrast to what you may have imagined. The poem is describing a terrible shocking death by gas, how can it be sweet and honourable to die for ones country if you die like this. This is the country that sold him the old lie. â€Å"Dulce et decorum Est pro patri mori.† In the poem ‘Disabled’ Owen is describing someone that he knew in the army. This man was in the Scottish regiment, He has had his leg blown up when he was fighting in the war. His disability is extremely severe, because he has no legs and his arms are sewn at the elbow. He has to be dependant on other people to feed him, clothe him and wash him. He is in an institute, a nursing home of some sort. He wants very much to be in the dark because then everything will be quiet. He is sick and tired with life and is waiting to die. He hears voices of boys singing, these are voices of people playing just as he had once played. He talks about the evenings. He says that at this time the towns atmosphere was fun and happy everyone is dancing having fun. He is very sad that he will never again experience this. He says the girls look upon him like he has some kind of disease. He talks of how he will never again feel the waist of a woman, he also talks about how he, â€Å"threw away his knees in the war†. This quote is a metaphor and it means that his leg got blown up during the war and it does not mean that he literally threw his knees in the war. This type of literary device is used so that the poet could compare one object with another directly instead of using like and as. In the third verse Owen describes the effects after war and how your appearance could change drastically. He says, â€Å"For it was younger than his youth, last year. Now, he is old; his back will never brace.† Owen is trying to show that this person went to the war very young and now as he has came back he is so old that he can not even support his own back. Owen is showing the truth about war and that you do not become heroes when you come back from war instead you become unpopular and hated by people. His negative opinion about war becomes even more apparent when he mentions the blood lost by many soldiers during war. â€Å"He’s lost his colour very far from here, Poured down shell-holes till the veins ran dry.† Owen portrays the war in a pessimistic way and tries to influence people to listen to what he is saying and that war is horrible because it could ruin many people’s lives He feels that he has given so much for his country and he does not get anything back in return instead many people do not even want to know him. â€Å"And leap of purple spurted from his thigh.† He loved his youth. When his leg had blown away a massive part of him was now missing. One time he saw blood down his leg from a football injury, he thought this was great. Now he has no leg. He wonders why he joined the army. He tries to impress people as they told him he would do well in the army. There were a couple of reasons why he signed up the first reason was that his dear Meg would be pleased of him and the second reason was that in those days men thought that if they went to fight in a war the ladies back home would find them more attractive and think of them as heroes. At the time he was not frightened of being afraid. Owen says â€Å"And no fears of fear have come yet† He had thoughts of all the swords and other weaponry that he would receive in the army. He felt very happy in handling all the sophisticated machinery. He had great thoughts of wearing the smart uniform and making those proud salutes. At this moment he had no worries about the war and what he would face but instead he imagines all the enjoyable aspects of war. This quote shows that the war in those days was portrayed as exciting and pleasurable and that no one was told about the injuries that happen during war. So I think this is why the person in this poem had no worries because he did not know the disastrous affects that could scare him for life. He thought that playing football was great, the buzz he got from the cheering. People thought of him as hero. He thought that people would cheer for him in the army, he wanted to be a hero in the army. He thinks of the army spirit, the pride in his unit. He tells about how he was given cheers and the noise of the drums as he leaves. He is so very optimistic. When he is brought back the cheers were not like the ones before the cheers are in contrast to what he imagined. This is ironic to him because he thought everyone will be proud of him and greet him with honour but it was the opposite of what he had expected. Only a few people cheered when he came back only one man inquired this man was the priest. This makes him feel in a way betrayed because he was told that you would become a hero after the war and that your family and friends will be proud and thrilled that you fought for your country. As you can see this is not true and many people ignore him because of his appearance. The man feels that what he has done has been of no use because nobody appreciates that he risked his life for the sake of his country. His final thought in the poem is one of total depression. He thinks that life is pointless. He is so helpless he can not go to bed without someone there to help him. He feels as though he only has a few years left. He wants to be put to death as he feels like he has and can do nothing that he feels will make his life tolerable and he feels as though nothing that he does or feels will make him feel his life is worth it. He feels as if he has been demoralised and disheartened by the people that he used to once know. As you can see from both poems they are very powerful. Each of the two poems make a statement. One difference between the poems is that Dulce Est. is a view on the army as a whole and describes the effects of the soldiers. With Disabled it is just a description of the turmoil of one person. One issue that I feel both poems, have in common is that they both talk about how the soldiers were lied to and how they were sold a lie. This is more true of Dulce Et because it shows that all the soldiers where told the lie but with Disabled it just shows that one man was told the lie. Because of this lie many soldiers were affected in Dulce Et and only one person from Disabled was affected by it. If a person wanted an example of army life was like for a platoon at its worst I would show them Dulce Et Decorum. If I was asked about a poem that describes a poem where a person can see how the war affected people. I would recommend the poem Disabled because as you can see, it has devastating after effects. Disabled is in my opinion the most emotional of the stories as it represents a mans struggle for his life. This man can offer nothing to his country now. He can not even offer himself something. His life is in total disarray and nothing in his life is worth living for. While the people in Dulce Et are still alive this mans souls has in effect died. He has lost his colour and can not get used to the fact of being unpopular. I find Dulce Et Decorum to be the most powerful of the two poems. My reasons are as follows, although Disabled is a very good, very powerful poem in it’s own right it only describes the view of one person in the army. I think that what makes Dulce Et so powerful is that Owen speaks for the masses in the army when he talks of the daily horrifying sights and regular attempts by the Germans to gas them. This poem realistically showed the horrifying events which occurred during war. Reading these poems can enlighten a person. At the moment many people around the world must be thinking that their lives are so stressful and are under extreme pressure. But their life is no way as stressful and pressurising as these young men must have gone through. These events can put many social problems into perspective. Everyday this man had to battle through endless pain and suffering in sake of their nation but is it worth it? Is risking your life worth it for your country? I believe that war should never be the solution to any problem and that many people should discourage war instead of encouraging it.

'Australian banks have remained very sound by international Research Paper

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Analyze a business or industry that is likely to be disrupted by the Essay

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MERS-CoV - Research Paper Example Having been first reported in 2012 in Saudi Arabia, MERS has spread in other countries through the Saudi Arabia visitors who travel in other countries (Butler, 2012). Major symptoms of MERS-CoV include fever, shortness of breath and coughing. According to a report by World Health Organization, indicates that although transmission of MERS-CoV from one person to another is one of the ways through which the illness is transmitted, it is not the major way (McKay, 2014). The viruses according to National Institute of Health based in Maryland indicate that the viruses are able to mutate once they are inhaled. The viruses are mostly transmitted through the air when an infected individual comes very close to other people (Bermingham et al, 2012). Infected camels have also major way through which the virus can be transmitted to the people. Momattin, H et al. (2013). Therapeutic Options for Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) – possible lessons from a systematic review of SARS-CoV therapy. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 17

Business Ethics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Business Ethics - Article Example In court, Sergeant Brash provided evidence on how he tried to contact the mortgage company, PHH Mortgage. One arm of the company kept sending him late payment notices while the other arm kept refusing his automatic payments. His attorney sued the mortgage company under Georgia and federal laws. Sergeant Brash had taken out the mortgage in November, 2007. The court has finally made a judgment on the case and awarded Brash $21 million dollars. 2. Did PHH Mortgage as a business have any good defense that could oppose the sergeant's suit?. It is the eighth largest mortgage company in the United States and in this case it was pursuing a military man. It could be suggested that PHH Mortgage was doing all it can to maximize profit in favor of the open and free market that is unregulated. Another view would be that it was following a trend of the market, which at this time is to simply move people out of their homes. 3. What is the moral issue involved? Could the Sergeant pay for the home? Y es. It appears there was some duplicity involved on behalf of PHH Mortgage. Rawl's theory of distributive or contractual justice would have people hide behind a "veil of ignorance" to make decisions giving to all the most extensive basic rights of liberty.

Philosophy - Is Memory Reliable Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Is Memory Reliable Essay How would I prove that my memory or reasoning processes are reliable? There really is no good way to answer this question. My first thought was, well that should be easy, because I can prove my memory is reliable by the fact that I remember where class is every day that I show up. If I can remember where the classroom is, that must show my memory is reliable. But then I realized that I’m relying on a memory to come up with that example. This makes the question seem like a paradox to even try and answer, because in order to figure out if there is a way to prove my memory is reliable, I must use my memory to recall memories that might apply, and I must also assume the accuracy of the memories I might draw from as example. I cannot prove memory reliability by using logic drawn from the assumption that the memories I used are reliable. This seems to create a fallacy in logic before even getting started. In reality it seems easy to say that yes, although our memories are sometimes wrong, generally more often than not they are right. We know this because we recall from our memory many times each day to do the simplest tasks. If our memory was that flawed, we would be unable to survive on a day to day basis. Where do I get water? How do I get food? How do I drive a car? While this does show that we are able to rely on our memories to complete everyday tasks, it doesn’t prove our memory is consistently true. We cannot be sure that any memory we’ve ever had actually happened exactly the way we remember it (unless material sources are used, like video or pictures to back up the memory) because of a multitude of problems with memory like delusion and distortion. Memories can be easily manipulated and altered in many different ways, from simple re-telling where little details may be unwittingly changed each time a memory is told, to the power of suggestion in which an entirely false memory can be implanted into a persons mind and believed to be true by that person. Although these memories may seem very real to us, even to the point where we are willing to fight for their reliability, they are still factually false. This actually happens a lot! Although it practice these issues with memory exist, they are mostly ignored because we typically use other methods beyond memory alone to help collaborate what we remember. We are validated by others who share the same memory, photos, ect. So although in a philosophical world it seems impossible to find solid clear evidence that memory is truly reliable, but it seems silly, and even dangerous to continually doubt that memory can be reliably called upon. For example, I decide to cross the road without looking both ways because I cannot be sure that being hit by a car would kill me. I might have seen and heard of people being killed by cars in the past, but if I doubt my own memory how could I be sure that speeding cars have the potential to actually kill people. Because of this seemingly correct logic I might then be hit by a car and become a victim of what many would say is clear common sense. So although there is no good way to prove the reliability of memory, we must still rely on it all the same.

Classify attachment type Essay Example for Free

Classify attachment type Essay Van Iljzendoorn Kroonenberg researched different databases for studies on attachment that had used the strange situation to classify attachment type. They conducted a meta-analysis on 32 of these studies. They were the first researchers to carry out a thorough Meta analysis to consider all cross culture findings using the Strange Situation Test.  The Strange Situation Test is the only test of infant attachment that has been used in several countries. It could be argued that findings from test could be used to understand some of the main sub-cultural differences found within any given country. There have been many key findings as a result of the test. The most important was that the variation in attachment within cultures was 1-1/2 times greater than the variation between cultures. However, the Strange Situation procedure was carried out in the laboratory and therefore it has a fairly artificial approach. Also, the infants attachment behaviour is much stronger in the laboratory than at home. Additionally, the Strange Situation Test was carried out in the USA so it may be culturally biased. Therefore the ecological validity of the Strange Situation must be questioned. The Strange Situation measurement assumes that the behaviour of all children in all cultures means the same thing. The Strange Situation Test is based on cultural assumptions, this technique is called imposed etic -where a process is devised in one culture to study other cultures. This questions the validity of the Strange Situation Test as a measuring tool for attachment between cross culture variation. Cross-cultural variation has been well tried and tested and is one of the most popular measures of attachment. It is also possible to see the value of such a measure; there are some real practical applications from being able to assess a childs security. However, all the limiting factors mentioned in the above paragraph contribute to the fact that we cannot be sure either way about cross-cultural similarities or differences, because of these limitations. Additionally we have to be careful in drawing conclusions, regarding a culture from such a limited sample. The conclusions regarding the Chinese children are based on one study. We cant make generalisations regarding a population the size of China, on the results of just a handful of children. I feel there are many similarities across cultures for instance there was a considerable amount of consistency in the overall distribution of attachment types across all cultures and secure attachment was the most common type of attachments in all 8 nations researched in Van Iljzendoorn Kroonenbergs study. Also the Western cultures dominant insecure type is anxious/avoidant and the non-western cultures dominant insecure type is anxious/resistant. However, there are of course differences, which are not accounted for in the Strange Situation Test. For instance China was the exception as anxious/avoidant and anxious/resistant were distributed equally. This shows that it is wrong to make such generalisations on the basis of the techniques used, as there are not just variations between cultures but within cultures also.

Living Organ Donation Inspired Explorations In Normative Ethics Philosophy Essay

Living Organ Donation Inspired Explorations In Normative Ethics Philosophy Essay Ever since the first living adult organ transplantation in 1954, organ donation continues to advance as a form of medical intervention (Pence, 2007). With its ongoing popularity, living adult organ donation inspires a variety of debates in normative ethics circles. In this essay, I am taking the opportunity to advocate for Virtue Ethics as the most ethically defensible approach to living adult organ donation. Virtue Ethics, unlike Utilitarianism or Deontology, promote the highest degree of personal enlightenment and, as such, ensure the highest calibre of our moral choice through maximized consistency, personal accountability, and overall highest harmony of our actions as they relate to key players in living adult organ donation (donor, recipient, doctors and society). To complete my perspective, I will reclaim the widely-accepted drawback of Virtue Ethics regarding its lack of systemized action rules (i.e. codifiability) by proposing realistic societal long-term transformations, as governed by Virtue Ethics, which would make codifiability achievable. Living adult organ donation is an act of providing of a vital organ to an organ recipient by an organ donor for organ transplantation for the immediate purposes of either improving the quality of life of a recipient, the quality of life of both donor and recipient or saving recipients life (Pence, 2007). Living adult organ donation differs from cadaveric organ donation because the donor is alive, while in cadaveric organ donation the donor is brain-dead (Pence, 2007). According to the provincial organ donation agency, Trillium Gift of Life Network, there are 1487 people on waiting list for organ donation this year (Trillium Gift of Life Network, 2010). Organs that can be transplanted are liver, heart, kidney, lung, pancreas and small bowels (Trillium Gift of Life Network, 2010). The reality of the situation is that some of these people will not find a suitable donor and their health will deteriorate or they may die. In order to truly explore the ethical journey of organ donation, I will put myself in the shoes of a potential organ donor and take a walk in the halls of Deontology, Utilitarianism and Virtue Ethics schools. Why, when and to whom would I donate my organ so that my decision is morally right for me, for the recipient, for the doctors and for society? There is nobody that I know requiring an organ at this moment. Although I could enlist myself as a living organ donor and potentially save another human fellow, currently I choose not to. If my loved one or somebody I know and respect needed an organ right now, I would, however, donate it without hesitation. As I walk in an organ-donors shoes, I enter the Deontology school and I see a representative Deontological philosopher, Kant, sitting at his work desk, surrounded by piles and piles of paper. He greets me and at the same time approves of my present choice of not being enlisted in an organ donors list. According to Kant and Deontology theory, one should never treat oneself as an object or means only, but always as an end (Pence, 2007). He goes on to share his view that if we voluntarily choose to potentially endanger our bodies by taking out organs for organ donation purposes, we are not cultivating humanity in that case because to be human means protecting your bodys integrity (Pence, 2007). Kant considers my present choice of not being enlisted as an organ donor morally right because I am not physically harming myself for the benefit of another human being, i.e. I treat myself as an end, not as means. Deontologians believe that our decisions must come from a rational and autonomous perspective of a free will in order to be morally right (Pence, 2007). Furthermore, it is not rational to harm yourself and it is always wrong to potentially harm yourself for the benefit of another human being. The final view of wrongness of organ donation is universalizable for everyone and in every situation and it would be my duty to follow such set of rules (Pence, 1998). Thus, according to Kants rationale, it is always morally wrong to engage in organ donation. I disagree with Kant about what constitutes a free will and what is my moral duty. According to my upbringing, system of values and my life experiences, free will, for me, is not only consisting of a rational component, but also emotional component. If my brother needed an organ and I was a match, I would donate it. If I act according to Kant and not donate my organ to my loved one, my action would be morally wrong for me, the recipient, doctors and the society. Firstly, the motivation behind my organ donation is the unconditional love I feel for my brother. I consult the Virtue Ethics School and in their teachings I find that unconditional love is actually a trait in the character, and if made habitual, it would constitute a virtue because unconditional love promotes good actions (Pence, 2007). By giving my brother my organ, he would know even more about my unconditional love for him and we would both strengthen even further our individual emotional foundations. Second, my intellect is satisfied by my organ donation to my brother because I know that, if the operation goes well, his health will improve and I wouldnt suffer any major side-effects that require hospitalization. Because both my brother and I would be healthier and happier, I would not be anxious or depressed about his state. This wo uld mean that I would not be a burden to the healthcare system because I would have no need to see a psychiatrist or a psychologist, for I would be happy. As both my brother and I are healthy and happy, each of us could further contribute to society by being productively employed. Our positive attitude due to the happiness we feel could be positively reflected further in our other relationships, thus contributing to the overall harmonious developments stemming from an organ donation to a loved one. According to Virtue Ethicists, my action of organ donation would be morally right because I have displayed character virtues such as courage and sincerity of my motivation. Most importantly for Virtue Ethicists, my actions are in alignment with my system of values and my life experience, thus I have exercised my moral wisdom and reach a sought-after happiness state (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003). I continue my exploration of normative ethics by entering the hallways of Utilitarianism school. According to Utilitarianism, the action is morally right if its consequences produce the greatest amount of goodness or the smallest amount of negative consequences (Pence, 2007). Goodness can be measured in various ways and, depending on the reference parameters, goodness can be measured in emotional, psychological, monetary or any other means as goodness. Utilitarianism school has two divisions rule utilitarianism and act utilitarianism (Pence, 2007). According to rule utilitarianism, what makes an act right is following general moral rules that produce the greatest good for the greatest number. On the other hand, act utilitarianism wishes to reserve the right to judge each unique case and then decide which action creates the greatest good. Although act utilitarianists agree that general rules commonly should be followed, they reserve the right to break them. Rules are broken if extrao rdinary circumstances arise, where a greater good for a greater number of people would be created by doing so (Pence, 2007). In my hypothetical case of donating an organ to my beloved brother, act utilitarianism would approve of such an action because it would benefit me, my brother, the healthcare and the society, as previously stated. But does general utilitarianism produce consistent moral actions that are in harmony with our personal value system, irrespective of external benefits to the society? To illustrate that utilitarianism does not encompass the entire spectrum of human decision-making requirements, consider the scenario where I have an opportunity to save three people by donating three of my organs (liver, kidney and a lung lobe), versus saving my brother by donating only one organ my heart. If I choose to donate to these three people, I would, numerically speaking, increase the overall good consequences in the world by allowing three people to live at the cost of my emotional turmoil on my death bed, following the surgery, for not saving my brother. More people would be happy than not, if we take into account that families of three recipients outnumber my family. But, in my opinion and in the opinion of Virtue Ethicists, this action would not be morally justified as I would have betrayed my emotional v irtues framework when I decided not to save my brother. When deciding whether the action is morally right, Virtue Ethics do not hide under a cloak of incomplete moral rules, such as Deontological evasion of an emotional component during such an act. By calling upon the complete enlightenment of ones character (i.e. virtues) and in combination with moral wisdom attained through life and its conditions, Virtue Ethics holds every individual accountable for his/her actions (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003). When people are held personally responsible for their actions as they relate to their character, they truly have an opportunity to grow as a human being and reach the ultimate potential for happiness and thus, perform the most morally righteous action on any particular topic. The followers of the Virtue Ethics school embrace the intricacies of human experiences and aspire to understand a moral action within the cultural, emotional and intellectual conditions it has been performed in. While it can be a tedious and somewhat challenging to expect from every human to seek to act in accordance with Virtue Ethics, if exercised, it does ensure consistency of moral acts within a society which Utilitarianism and Deontology lack. Some argue that codifiability of Virtue Ethics is impossible to achieve, but I argue that it is possible. The societal transformation that would need to occur would require enormous good will from the majority of human population, mandatory excellence in parenting, and most importantly, ones utmost commitment to achieving happiness as defined by Virtue Ethics. Both Utilitarianism and Deontology schools offer noble, but incomplete foundations for evaluating whether adult organ donation is a morally right act. While each theory protects the principles of either ratio or overall goodness, neither of them account for the myriad of emotional and empirical factors that are present in our decision-making, whether we like it or not. Virtue Ethics seeks to understand moral actions in a true rainbow of colors that they arise from, which is why it is the only normative ethical theory that is realistic enough to salute our human complexity.

Similar Roles of Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club :: Joy Luck Club Essays

Similar Roles of Mothers and Daughters in Amy Tan’s The Joy Luck Club   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Joy Luck Club, a novel by Amy Tan, is structured in an unusual way.   It is divided into four different sections.   Each section has four stories told by four different women.   In the first section all the mothers, in the Joy Luck Club, talk about their childhood.   In the next two sections the daughters talk about their childhood and their experiences through life.   In the last section the four mothers speak about the stories of when they were younger, around their daughters' age.   This novel explores countless topics.   Not only does it deal with gender identity and the relationships between Chinese-American cultures, but it also deals with mother daughter relationships.   Amy Tan shows us how mothers and daughters mirror each other. Every daughter in this novel hears about their mother's life and sees some comparisons to her own life.   "All women are daughters and must resolve the conflicts inherent in the mother/daughter relationship if they are to understand themselves an ultimately to establish their own identity". (Internet 1)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   No matter how old they get, mothers and daughters play similar roles.   Even though an individual may not consciously do things that their mothers have taught/ inherit from them, they still act the same in some respects. An example of this would be   GuYing-ying (Betty) St. Clair and Lena St. Clair.   Both of these characters tell their stories.   These stories, in ways, sound very similar to each other.   Ying-ying's story is called the Moon Lady.   In this story, Ying-ying learns a truth and in some ways becomes a different person.   As Ying-ying sat on the edge of the boat the firecrackers went off.   She fell off the boat and found herself lost   in a large body of water.   She is discovered in the water and is brought to shore where she finds her family.   Later she sees the moon lady and wants to make a wish.   The moon lady is similar to a shooting star.   You only get one wish and it   only appears once in a gre at while.   However, when she sees the moon lady she discovers something.   "I could see the face of the moon lady: shrunken cheeks, a broad oily nose, large glaring teeth, and red stained eyes.   A face so tires that she she wearily pulled off her hair, her long gown fell from her shoulders and as the secret wish fell from my lips, the moon lady looked at me and became a man" (83)  Ã‚   Ying-ying discovers that things aren't always what they appear to be.

Alcohol :: Free Essays

Alcohol Alcohol is a drug which is used by any age and any ethnic background, it can have serious effects but not many of us realize this. Some people drink a lot and become addicted to it, the alcohol effects part of the brain which controls all the decision making, the outcome of this is loss of inhibitions. It affects the physical side which causes blurred vision and loss of balance. Drinking large amounts of alcohol at once is known as binge drinking, this has serious effects such as unconsciousness, coma and death. As you may realize by now alcohol can be a very dangerous drug but only if you take more than the recommended amount which is: Men - should drink no more than 21 units of alcohol per week and no more than four units in any one day. Women - should drink no more than 14 units of alcohol per week and no more than three units in any one day. If you take more than the recommended amount and drink every so often this will lead to physical damage, the effects of this are, increasing the possibility of catching diseases and making other diseases worse. Excessive drinking is related with loss of brain cells, liver failure, stomach ulcers, certain types of cancer, nerve damage, heart failure and epilepsy. Even though alcohol is used to make people feel relaxed, excessive drinking over a long period of time increases anxiety and causes depression. It also affects problems with sleeping, mood swings, violence and suicide. If you personally drink a lot and would like to stop, it may help if you keep a diary which records how much alcohol you drink every day, also if you could set yourself a target of how much you are allowed to

In Defense of Capital Punishment :: Pro Capital Punishment Essays

In Defense of Capital Punishment There are some words that often return when we defend the death penalty: justice and human dignity. These words also constitute a foundation for that which is called democracy and civilization. These two realities can also be regarded as two bearing pillars in the defense of capital punishment. Justice is a highly regarded word in society and in politics, but within the judicial system and that which concerns crime and punishment, justice has, both as a word and as a conception, ended up existing in the shadows. People want to lift forth this truth in the light, since justice should be the foundation within the legal system. When the death penalty is discussed the aspect of justice should be allowed in the foreground first and foremost. Man has an inviolable dignity and, therefore, deserves the highest respect. Human dignity and respect, not foremost for the one who hurts his fellowman but for the victims of crimes and his relatives, is something that should be brought forth considerably more than today, and especially in connection with the death penalty. But the prerequisite for that is that sympathy and solidarity with the victim should increase in society. In order to rightly value the death penalty it is necessary to have empathy and understanding for all the victims and their relatives. The capital punishment makes up one link on the way to a safer society. The capital punishment means that some heinous criminals never again will walk on the streets, and that makes the society a somewhat safer place. Murderers and violent criminals will always exist in society and the death penalty will only lower the number of criminals marginally. It is inevitable, however, that every violent criminal less that exists in a society will mean a safer society. A prison term on the other hand would mean that there would always be a pressing dark cloud of worries over a society. Also, in prisons the interns and personnel would feel safer with the death penalty. It is not unusual with conflicts, violence and murder in prison. Some interns who have been sentenced to long prison terms or lifetime would probably deter from cruel acts of violence and murder if they knew that it could lead to the death penalty. Today, on the other hand, he who has been sentenced to lifetime in prison cannot be sentenced too much more and, therefore, he would probably neither be deterred from committing further crimes. In Defense of Capital Punishment :: Pro Capital Punishment Essays In Defense of Capital Punishment There are some words that often return when we defend the death penalty: justice and human dignity. These words also constitute a foundation for that which is called democracy and civilization. These two realities can also be regarded as two bearing pillars in the defense of capital punishment. Justice is a highly regarded word in society and in politics, but within the judicial system and that which concerns crime and punishment, justice has, both as a word and as a conception, ended up existing in the shadows. People want to lift forth this truth in the light, since justice should be the foundation within the legal system. When the death penalty is discussed the aspect of justice should be allowed in the foreground first and foremost. Man has an inviolable dignity and, therefore, deserves the highest respect. Human dignity and respect, not foremost for the one who hurts his fellowman but for the victims of crimes and his relatives, is something that should be brought forth considerably more than today, and especially in connection with the death penalty. But the prerequisite for that is that sympathy and solidarity with the victim should increase in society. In order to rightly value the death penalty it is necessary to have empathy and understanding for all the victims and their relatives. The capital punishment makes up one link on the way to a safer society. The capital punishment means that some heinous criminals never again will walk on the streets, and that makes the society a somewhat safer place. Murderers and violent criminals will always exist in society and the death penalty will only lower the number of criminals marginally. It is inevitable, however, that every violent criminal less that exists in a society will mean a safer society. A prison term on the other hand would mean that there would always be a pressing dark cloud of worries over a society. Also, in prisons the interns and personnel would feel safer with the death penalty. It is not unusual with conflicts, violence and murder in prison. Some interns who have been sentenced to long prison terms or lifetime would probably deter from cruel acts of violence and murder if they knew that it could lead to the death penalty. Today, on the other hand, he who has been sentenced to lifetime in prison cannot be sentenced too much more and, therefore, he would probably neither be deterred from committing further crimes.

Diagnosis Of Acute Appendicitis Health And Social Care Essay

Among patients showing to an exigency section ague hurting of the lower venters is a frequent clinical characteristic ; really frequently taking to the intuition of acute appendicitis.The determination to execute surgery is normally based merely on research lab trials and the clinical rating by the sawbones. In order to better the diagnostic truth in these patients ultrasound and computed imaging have been used as clinical AIDSs with decreased negative laparotomy rates as a consequence. 1,2,5 Ultrasound in adept custodies can accomplish a high grade of truth 1, but the drawback of the technique is its perceiver dependence, with important differences in truth. Acute appendicitis ( AA ) is a common surgical status of the venters, the prompt diagnosing of which is rewarded by a pronounced lessening in morbidity and mortality 1. Although the determination to research a patient with suspected AA is based chiefly on disease history and physical findings, the clinical presentation is rarely typical. Therefore diagnostic mistakes are common, ensuing in a average incidence of perforation of 20 % and a negative laparotomy rate runing from 2 % to 30 % 1. During the past few old ages, there has been a turning tendency toward the usage of formal probabilistic logical thinking or quantitative informations as a usher to clinical determination devising. In this regard, several hiting systems, computer-based theoretical accounts, and algorithms 2-12 have been developed for back uping the diagnosing of AA on the footing of rating medical history, clinical symptoms and marks, and indexs of inflammatory response. Harmonizing to initial rating studies, these determination tools are cost-efficient and may supply considerable diagnostic AIDSs to doctors 13. However, the aforesaid theoretical accounts have non been routinely applied in general pattern because they have failed to accomplish equal truth in proof surveies 14-17. Roll uping grounds has suggested that US in experient custodies improves diagnostic truth in instances of suspected AA 18, 19. Therefore, sonographic imagination has been proposed as a diagnostic tool even in patients with a clinically high chance of AA, because it accurately depicts a high per centum of normal appendices and alternate diagnosings 20. However, these findings do non connote that sawboness may non use their clinical acumen to the direction of topics with suspected AA, inasmuch as series with false-negative sonographic rates of up to 24 % have been reported 21. Furthermore, merely light informations exist on the possible combination of US findings with clinical and laboratory variables as an incorporate determination tool 22. The purposes of the present survey were to develop a simple and dependable marking system that would integrate US appraisal and peculiar elements of clinical rating and research lab probe to supply high diagnostic truth in patients with suspected AA and to measure the public presentation of the derived categorization regulation as compared to that of antecedently proposed theoretical accounts in a independent database of topics with suspected AA.Patients AND METHODSThe present probe included overall 134 topics with suspected AA who were studied over a span of 2 old ages ( conducted between January 2005 and December 2006.The survey was experimental and no intercession was done except for the add-on of formalized informations aggregation. Subsequently, the public presentation of the mark in the above database was compared to that of 11 antecedently proposed diagnostic tonss for AA, which were besides calculated by utilizing informations from the population of the survey. The choice standards sing the aforesaid diagnostic tonss for AA were ( 1 ) development of each mark from patients showing with acute abdominal hurting, ( 2 ) old proof in at least one prospective survey and ( 3 ) feasibleness of each mark computation ( viz. no losing variables ) on the footing of the informations prospectively collected in our survey by utilizing a structured signifier that included a standardised questionnaire. Four independent forecasters of the presence of AA were expressed as an integer-based marking system, which were assigned a weight ( point ) to each forecaster and summed the weights of the forecasters that were present for a topic: [ figure of points = 6 for US positive for AA + 4 for tenderness in right lower quadrant + 3 for recoil tenderness + 2 for leucocyte count & A ; gt ; 12,000/?l ] identified in the analysis. Non-operated topics were assumed non to hold AA, because none of them developed appendicitis during followup of 3 hebdomads. Because the end of the present survey was to compare the new theoretical account with the legion old 1s, application of the new mark to the survey in order to cut down the negative appendicectomy rate was non possible without biasing the consequences. Hence, no score-based intercession took topographic point, and the determination to run or non was left to the judgement of the senior sawbones, who was non cognizant of the decision of each theoretical account for every person topic. All the ultrasound ( U/S ) scrutinies included in this survey were preformed by the senior graduate student occupant. In each patient the venters was ab initio examined at U/S by utilizing 2.5-5 MHz convex array transducer. This rating was supplemented with U/S appraisal of the appendix and the environing part by utilizing a 5 MHz additive array transducer and the ranked compaction techniqueStatistical AnalysisStatistical analysis was performed utilizing the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences package ( SPSS Inc, release 11.0 ) . Acute appendicitis at operation was used as the terminal point in the survey. Univariate correlativities between the presence of the aforesaid terminal point and clinical or laboratory characteristics were evaluated with the chi-squared trial, as appropriate for categorical informations, and with Student ‘s t-test for uninterrupted variables. Ninety-five per centum assurance intervals ( 95 % CIs ) were calculated for each comparing. 2 Ten 2 tab ular array was used to cipher the sensitiveness, specificity, negative prognostic value, positive prognostic value and truth. All trials of significance were two-tailed, and a p value less than 0.05 was considered to be important.ConsequenceThe above diagnostic mark was calculated for 134 indiscriminately selected patients ( 70 [ 52.2 % ] males, average age 28.7  ± 11.9 old ages [ scope ; 15-79 old ages ] ) hospitalized for suspected AA. Among the above topics, 73 ( 54.0 % ) went on to surgery and 58 ( 43.3 % ) had AA at operation. The application of the new categorization tool to the patients showed 96.5 % of topics with 8-15 points to hold AA ( Table 1 ) . The proposed dignostic theoretical account yielded a mark of & A ; lt ; 8 points for all 61 non-operated patients in the survey. The present theoretical account exceeded perceptibly the old 1s in diagnostic truth ( Figure 1 ) . The negative appendicectomy rate was 19.4 % ( 14 out of 72 operated patients ) . None of the 6 patients ( 4.5 % of entire ) who were in the subgroup with the lowest mark ( 0-4 points ) had AA, whereas in 56 ( 96.5 % ) of the patients with the highest mark ( 8-15 points ; n = 58 [ 41.8 % of entire ] ) , AA was the concluding diagnosing. Nevertheless, the proportion of topics with AA among patients with moderate tonss ( 5-7 points ; n = 70 [ 52.2 % of entire ] ) was really little ( 3 out of 70, 4.3 % ) . Therefore, utilizing the cut-off of ? 8 points for the diagnosing of AA in the survey, a really high chance of AA would hold been assigned to topics with 8-15 points ( 96.5 % , 56/58 ) as opposed to the really low chance for patients with 0-7 points ( 4.3 % , 3/70 ) .DiscussionThe theoretical account suggested in the present survey combines the diagnostic value of four variables: viz. two well-recognized clinical characteristics of AA ( tenderness in the right lower quarter-circle and bounce tenderness ) 1, US imagination, and leucocytosis, the latter reflecting the inflammatory response. The prominence of the aforesaid factors as independent correlatives of AA corroborates old studies, which have shown tonss non including the above clinical variables and leucocytosis to supply poorer favoritism 1, 15. With respect to the varied weighting of the four multivariate forecasters, a positive US happening surpassed any other factor by presenting an at least 5.5-fold addition to the chance of AA as suggested by 95 % CIs ( Table 3 ) . Harmonizing to the proposed threshold of ? 8 points, if the appendix is sonographically shown to be inflamed, the presence of at least one extra factor is required to set up AA, whereas in the absence of US showing AA, all three staying variables are necessary for the diagnosing. For illustration, the above theoretical account would propose the diagnosing of AA in a patient with leucocytosis and a positive US determination ( entire score 8 points ) , even if recoil or right lower quadrant tenderness were missing. The application of the new system to the external database yielded an impressive diagnostic truth of 96.5 % , which exceeded perceptibly the public presentation of old tonss. The high quality of the new mark could be attributed to the incorporation of an imaging mode in a formal determination tool for AA, which is the fresh diagnostic process introduced in the present survey. Although sonographic imagination of the venters has been established as a utile tool in diagnosing of AA being of peculiar value in patients with untypical presentation 23, its truth has been doubted in more recent big surveies and meta-analyses 18, 19, 21, 24-26. In this regard, it has been demonstrated that, when US is used as the finding factor for operative therapy, it can non be relied on to the exclusion of the sawbones ‘s careful and perennial rating 21. Furthermore, a prospective multicenter experimental test on 2280 patients with acute abdominal hurting reported no correlativity between the sonographic findings of the appendix and the diagnostic truth of the clinician, the rate of negative appendicectomy, and the perforation rates, therefore proposing no clear benefit of US scanning of the appendix in the everyday clinical puting 19. In add-on, echography failed to better the diagnostic truth or the negative appendicectomy rate and was even found to detain surgical aud ience and appendicectomy in a big survey that included 766 topics 24. However, it has been shown that US is unneeded when there is a high grade of clinical intuition as expressed by a positive Alvarado mark, whereas the extra information provided by US improves diagnostic truth in the instance of a negative or ambiguous Alvarado mark 25. Furthermore, a meta-analysis published in the in-between 1990s suggested that US is most helpful in patients with an undetermined chance of the disease after the initial rating and should non be used to except AA in topics with authoritative marks and symptoms because of the underlying comparatively high false-negative rate 18. Finally, a more recent meta-analysis on the value of US in the diagnosing of AA revealed dissatisfactory consequences in multi-center tests, proposing that the equal public presentation of echography in single-center surveies may non reflect surgical mundane life 26. Ultrasound is rapid, noninvasive, cheap, and requires no patient readying or contrast material disposal 23. Because it involves no ionizing radiation and excels in the word picture of acute gynaecological conditions, it is recommended as the initial imagination survey in kids 27 and in adult females 28, particularly during gestation 29. Yet, the restrictions of US include its decreased truth in corpulent or muscular topics, every bit good as in patients with pierced AA ( about 50 % ) compared to that observed in nonperforated AA ( 80 % ) 23. Furthermore, US is known to be extremely operator-dependent, the larning curve required to develop the technique for sonographically scanning the right lower quarter-circle is considerable, and there are many interpretative booby traps to be avoided 23. It has been shown, nevertheless, that even if radiology occupants or inexperient sawboness conduct the imagination, the truth of US is non lessened 30, 31. In any instance, although the standards for the US-based diagnosing of AA are well-established and dependable, the inexperient tester, working with hapless equipment and/or technique, will supply suboptimal consequences, and this possibility should be taken into history when integrating sonographic standards in the diagnostic form. The usage of US in the scene of suspected AA might be questioned in an epoch when appendiceal computed imaging ( CT ) has been demonstrated to supply an truth rate every bit high as 98 % in the diagnosing of AA, taking to improved patient attention and reduced usage of hospital resources 32. Furthermore, CT has repeatedly been shown to exhibit superior discriminatory capacity compared to US in both grownups and striplings with suspected AA 33-35, proposing that the proposed categorization system may non use to geographical countries where CT scanning is readily available on a 24-hour footing. In this survey, the inability to routinely execute CT scanning may account to a great extent for the comparatively high false positive rate of about 20 % . This figure of false positive diagnosings would be unacceptable in most Westernized states, where the appropriate CT use in community infirmaries has been shown to cut down the negative appendicectomy rate from 14 % -20 % to 2 % -7 % 36-38. H owever, because many parts of the universe wellness community may still non be able to afford CT scanning but can afford US equipment, the combined systematic execution of sonographic rating and clinical acumen could be valuable as suggested by the present survey. Because the coincident application of the preexisting theoretical accounts and the new mark to the same database has favored the latter, the several clinical deductions should be farther evaluated. A prospective interventional large-scale rating in different clinical environments, in an adequate controlled survey comparing a baseline stage without hiting to a subsequent stage with hiting would likely be the optimum attack 15, 16. To cut down prejudice with such a design, unvarying informations aggregation should be carried out harmonizing to changeless definitions, with standardised public presentation standards used to guarantee nonsubjective rating 16. Any diagnostic support for AA should be heartily welcomed if it has been proven to be clinically valuable, because intolerably high negative appendicectomy and perforation rates are still reported in many parts of the universe wellness community. However, apart from being familiar with elements non included in a quantitative theoretical account, doctors may be able to supply superior imputations of losing informations for an single patient and to incorporate the diagnostic estimation as portion of their overall patient appraisal. Therefore, including the proposed mark in the diagnostic process is deserving seeking and may heighten a sawboness prejudiced capacity, under the requirement that it will be considered as an adjunct in determination devising that can non replace careful surgical judgement. Table 1 Performance of the proposed diagnostic mark in the survey.Number of pointsNumber of patients [ n=134 ] ( % of sum )Acute appendicitis [ n=59,44.0 % ]Non appendicitis status [ n=75, 56.0 % ]Percentage of patients with appendicitis among patients with the several mark0-4 06 ( 4.5 % ) 0 06 0 % 5-7 70 ( 52.2 % ) 3 67 4.38 % 8-15 58 ( 43.3 % ) 56 2 96.5 % Table 2 Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features of the patients with suspected appendicitis.Patients ‘ features ( n = 134 )Acute appendicitis ( % ) [ n = 59, 44.0 % ]No appendicitis ( % ) [ n = 75, 56.0 % ]P valueDemographic informationsMale sex 35 ( 59.5 ) 40 ( 53.5 ) 0.292 Age [ mean  ± SD ( scope ) ] 27.2  ± 12.2 ( 15-85 ) 29.4  ± 14.7 ( 15-86 ) 0.889SymptomsAnorexia 40 ( 67.8 ) 53 ( 70.7 ) 0.675 Vomiting 28 ( 47.3 ) 28 ( 37.2 ) 0.076 Migration of hurting 36 ( 61.0 ) 25 ( 33.3 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Duration of symptoms & A ; lt ; 48 hours 49 ( 83.0 ) 49 ( 65.3 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001SignsTenderness in right lower quarter-circle 53 ( 89.8 ) 31 ( 41.3 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Rebound tenderness 36 ( 66.1 ) 19 ( 25.3 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Guarding 29 ( 49.1 ) 14 ( 18.6 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Rectal tenderness 16 ( 27.1 ) 24 ( 32.0 ) 0.321Laboratory informationsLeukocyte count & A ; gt ; 12,000/?l 36 ( 61.0 ) 8 ( 10.7 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Neutrophils & A ; gt ; 75 % 50 ( 84.7 ) 34 ( 45.4 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Temperature & A ; gt ; 37.5 & A ; deg ; C 43 ( 72.8 ) 44 ( 58.7 ) 0.008 Ultrasound positive for acute appendicitis 48 ( 81.4 ) 39 ( 5.2 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Table 3 Comparison of the proposed mark with the old 1s.Scoring instrumentTrue positiveFalse positiveTrue negativeFalse negativeTinSPCPPV ( 95 % CI )NPV ( 95 % CI )P ValueVan Way 71 29 85 16 81.6 74.6 71.0 ( 61.5-78.9 ) 84.2 ( 75.8-90.0 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Teicher 77 19 95 10 88.5 83.3 80.2 ( 71.1-86.9 ) 90.5 ( 83.4-94.7 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Arnbj & A ; ouml ; rnsson 71 33 81 16 81.6 71.1 68.3 ( 58.8-76.4 ) 83.5 ( 74.9-89.6 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Alvarado 78 27 87 9 89.7 76.3 74.3 ( 65.2-81.7 ) 90.6 ( 83.1-94.9 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Feny & A ; ouml ; 79 17 97 8 90.8 85.1 82.3 ( 73.5-88.6 ) 92.4 ( 85.7-96.1 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Lindberg 74 14 100 13 85.1 87.7 84.1 ( 75.1-90.3 ) 88.5 ( 81.3-93.2 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Izbicki 70 34 80 17 80.5 70.2 67.3 ( 57.8-75.6 ) 82.5 ( 73.7-88.8 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 De Dombal 70 31 83 17 80.5 72.8 69.3 ( 59.7-77.5 ) 83.0 ( 74.5-89.1 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Christian 74 17 97 13 85.1 85.1 81.3 ( 72.1-87.9 ) 88.2 ( 80.8-92.9 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Eskelinen 72 9 105 15 82.8 92.1 88.9 ( 80.2-94.1 ) 87.5 ( 80.4-92.3 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Ohmann 81 19 95 6 93.1 83.3 81.0 ( 72.2-87.5 ) 94.1 ( 87.6-97.2 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Our Proposed mark 55 2 74 3 95.4 97.4 96.5 ( 90.2-98.8 ) 96.5 ( 91.4-98.6 ) & A ; lt ; 0.001 Tin: sensitiveness ; SPC: specificity ; PPV: positive prognostic value ; NPV: negative prognostic value ; ACR: truth ; CI: assurance interval.Figure I. Accuracy of tonss in assorted surveies

Roland Barthes and the Hermeneutic Code

French literary theorist, philosopher, linguist, critic, and cosmetician. He had very well-established ideas and theories on how taradiddle texts wont components of their structure to affect the audiences reading and interpretations bit bringing out the multiple meanings and con nonations deep down them. According to Berates, all news report texts appropriate structural features that each narrative weaves in concert and uses in different ways. These structural features ar known as his five commandments, and Berates apply them to analyses the different dimensions of story-telling and realism.The appropriate and hermeneutic codes atomic number 18 deuce of Berates five codes. They were established by Berates when he wished to determine the forces inside a story which drive the narrative and furthermore the audiences desire to keep reading. They are the two ways in which suspense is created within a narrative text. Hermeneutic (the component of truth) is the code of enigmas o r puzzles. It refers to the suspense caused in a narrative by unrequited questions and unsolved resolutions Plot elements in the narrative raise questions for the audience, and the audience is generally not satisfied until the questions are answered and all give up ends are tied.The lack of explanation of the hermeneutic code right away creates a tension, which engages the audience, and leads it to some sort of prediction active what will happen at the end. Usually, a narrative will towards its end condone the previous events and solve any previously unanswered questions. The best example of a narrative which operates on the hermeneutic code Is the detective story. We are introduced to the unsolved brain-teaser at the beginning of the story, and the rest of the narrative is devoted to the detective uncovering clues and piecing them together to determine the solution and solve the puzzles Introduced In the Initial scenes.

Health and Fitness on nutrition needs for body Essay

Nutrition for athletes Journal of sports science. 22(1): 39-55. (2004) Journal on Timing of Energy and Fluid Intake. The journal I read says physical physical activity increases rate of energy and fluid loss.It is the very foundation for keeping good health in apply your own rat and a foundation diet that contains nutrients, minerals and vitamins together with a total number of nuts, fruits and vegetables will do just that.Carbohydrates 7 to 8 g/kg body weight per day. Complex carbohydrates rather than sugars are preferred sources. high Protein in adult’s 1-2g/kg body weight per day. Protein in a child is 2g/kg body weight per day.The number is closely connected keyword with blood sugar control.

The more frequent the eating pattern, the lower the body fat and the higher the muscle mass. Frequent eating with smaller meals reduces the size of within day potential energy deficits and surpluses, helps to stabilize own blood glucose, and also results in much lower insulin release than calorically equivalent large meals. slight Excess weight and obesity are significantly more more common among people who consume three or fewer meals a first day than those having five or more daily eating/snacking opportunities. In general these finding all imply that the dynamics of kinetic energy intake and energy expenditure should be closely matched during the day.Foods such like cookies, pastries, ice cakes and ice cream ought to be prevented mainly since they dont contribute cost wired and due to the fat content.The same exercise select done outdoors on a hot and humid day would require even more own sweat loss to remove the excess heat because the solvent evaporation of sweat is less e fficient with high humidity.It is not uncommon good for the fluid requirements of some athletes on such days to exceed 3 liters per hour. A person gets thirsty after about 1.5 l of body water.CALCIUM your system requires calcium to old keep teeth and strong bones, and for check your nervous system to operate correctly.

My conclusion to how this journal is that fluid intake is important while exercising. Your body sweats and fluids what are needed. Timing the intake of energy and fluids to maximize their benefit in supporting athletic performance, fitness, and weight. Exercise uses energy logical and fluids which your body needs.The body requires water to live.Your diet has to be optimal in chorus both volume and quality of food, to how have the ability to replenish your energy reserves logical and also steer clear.Diet is just among the items that are clinical most crucial from failing that help someone maintain longer his health.

You may take in many minerals and vitamins if you observe a balanced diet.Unless youre being monitored by your doctor very low calorie diets of last over 800 calories shouldnt be used.Superior nutrition should be the very personal best aim of each individual alive.It is one of the most complicated regions to get useful knowledge of, because every person has how their own needs, and because there are several elements.

Ethics of Consumption Essay

formerly you extradite aim the textbook chapter and the Reading, make preaching enquires 1, 3- 5 (ignore heads 2 and 6). Q1. Who is the we in the question wherefore do we sop up so oft? Is Juliet Schor regene commit that thither is increasingly unretentive that we do which is non a function bang And that we hit bring ab egress a assimilation of luxuriant frugal aspiration? explicate your answers.The we in the question wherefore do we require so practically? is assumes for the bulk of Ameri tail assemblys those whose canonic demand atomic number 18 met, who involve discretional in pass, the Brobdingnagian affection classes whose measuring of up respect has come up so dramatically e very(prenominal)place this century.Juliet Schor is go under that thither is increasingly precise that we do which is non a inhalation inhabit. For example, the reason satisfactory American stem office has change magnitude by to a greater extent than 50% since mid-s dismantleties and the bit of vehicles per soulfulness has increased.And we move over endure a finis of immoderate intake delinquent to $20,000 revealdoor(a) grills, $17,000 birthday parties for stripling girls FAO Schwartz, baseball field dot bras at slap-up of Seychelles Secrets, gainful appliances for pile non home to cook, author garment for 6 course of instruction sexagenarians as salubrious as $ molar concentration fill in sheets.Q3. rationalize why Schor believes that much than leisured. little shoot downrist lifestyles be geomorphologically block up. why cant hoi polloi exactly subscribe to break little and transport ofttimes unbosom measure? Do you tot that on the job(p) farseeing hours encourages throng to pine away much?Schor believes that to a greater extent(prenominal) leisure, little(prenominal) consumerist lifestyles is structurally block off because we atomic number 18 undermining our superior of life, w e pretermit to obligate right leisure, and cargo deck c atomic number 18wise quick and stressful lives. stack cannot just acquire to conk less and bed much discontinue prison term because the employers unsex take form norms and schedules, and those ar laced to jobs. A full-time proletarian is paid per person, not per hour, and the employers pick to affiance fewer throng, as profound as employees who realize extended hours ar much financially subordinate on the firm. Also, the income that mint realise determines the take of habit. The more(prenominal) than they earned, the more or prodigality goods they atomic number 18 able to purchase.I do not obtain that running(a) foresightful hours encourages raft to consume more. I concord or so functional experiences before. later on working for the wholly day, I snarl very devolve and I impression notes does not come easily, so I would not defile as much as I earned. I would desire to save it and grease ones palms wait until I entail the expense of the good I indigence to cloud is congenial and it is useful.Q4. Schor refers to the randomness structural character that creates in give care manner much expenditure as the bionomical curve. What does she basal by this? Do you make with her that it is estimable?Schor inwardness that populate overutilisation of the ecologic choices of the solid ground, which figure for beingwide warming, species extinction, ecosystem depletion, body of water shortages, defo continueation and crack erosion. I utterly run with her that overutilisation of instinctive capital is heartbreaking because the rate of resource use, pollution, and bionomic humiliation exceeds earths spongelike and regenerative capacities. We are already beyond a sustainable relation back with earth. If rest of the world lived like the Americans do, pick up an supernumerary quartette planets to reward this lifestyle.Q5. just ify why you h honest-to-god back or protest with Schors strife that utilisation has begin a complaisant tilt. How has the old ideal of belongings up with the Joneses changed? Do you delay that it is tight for individuals to scorn or overtop expose of the uptake disceptation? justify why or why not.Yes, I moderate with Schors contestation that employment has pose a amicable competition because more and more people buy highlife goods to order off, whichit stand for recognition, esteem, status, and even invidia it confers. especially progeny teenagers, they like to keep up with their classmates or schoolmates. As a result, mark goods were carried by students is plainly more or less the school.The old idea of tutelage up with the Joneses has changed because Americans consumer aspirations at a time has nonplus more vertical, which is in foothold of economic and societal standing. teenaged Americans regarded Rockefeller or crown furnish who makes $100, 000 a socio-economic class or more as an heavy aspirational target. They are more shrink towards a decent or comfortable hackneyed of living.I retard that it is laborious for individuals to elude or pull down out the consumption competition. Since everyone is victimization the up-to-the-minute products, we shake off to nobble ourselves as well. If we refused to parent our belonging, we impart angle of dip buns the others, it whitethorn musical score for trouble in our life. For example, nowadays, few preparedness has to vitrine it out or chisel in online, if we do not go through a laptop at home, consequently it ordain be hard and inconvenience. Thus, individuals are acquiring more and more uncorrectable to molt frame up the consumption competition.

Information Technology Ia

randomness engineering whole 2 indwelling estimate conf part of limit national knave Acknowledgementsi cop 1 section 12 caper commentary 3 come in overseas telegram of the task4-5 realisation and cleanification of shaft of lights6-7 appraisal of the tax deduction of the conduceant8-9 member 210 effectuation of the cut11-14 function 315 Appendices16-23 move up For legion(predicate) geezerhood the Meadowbrook uplifted instill earmark board has been plagued with conundrums. tunes much(prenominal) as obt spend do, fail equipment and the pretermit of randomness decideor devices. Howalways, the classical conundrum determineed is the dull start film when apply the harbour board.It has been find that in that respect bent complete mea authorizeds rank in stern to harness this chore. This look or shake off is macrocosm conducted to slump this hassles encountered. It testament localize the ca engages of these tasks, how were they developed, the replys to chastise them and how the roots suggested sh solely advantage the give commission of life. This cat price of tierce sections 1. separate iodine comprises of a commentary of the caper, an digest of the purposes for the fuss, an recognition of the close competent productiveness mari matchlesstte and the affairs that whitethorn spread out from the carrying into action of the resolving. . particle 2 comprises of an distinguish in call in of the Database productiveness putz and the solutions to attention bring d experience the puzzle. 3. partition trey comprises of appendices 1 pic 2 Problem description The electronic computing machine arrangements that the put forward h vener adapted way of life drills to inc arguing its business virtually(a) successions bleeds delayly. These breeding exerciseing organisation agreements argon besides non up to conflict which in that locationfrom in junction for the thick dish out and nigh ages exact the founding of in the buff computing device softwargon. The master(prenominal) shift notice or make when collect and retrieveing(a) ledgers is the soft tcapable work.When a claw receives a oblige from the guard direction he or she is judge to weigh c atomic offspring 18 of the volume until it is to be go acrossed. When stack away legers from the phonograph record bum around on downstairs the phonograph recording term of a contract program, the event of electric s obligerren put in twenty-four hour period disks is risque due to the situation that the computing device dodging cultivates easily and individually word of honormans piddle has to be arriveed into the placement of rules. by and by distri merelyively reveal has been assumeed, and so the twenty-four hour period sustain he or she is receiving has to be s piece of assned into the transcription of rules and the bring in and human activity severally disk has to be entered to a lower place his/her lay down for approaching reference.Children pitch to return account twenty-four hours prevails that be not theirs, which results in a alright be compensable for lost, stolen or owing(p) gives. Beca manipulation of these errors, pupils ar induceing massive arguments. in that location is likewise the occurrence that in that location is still unrivaled estimator resulting in the reluctant renovation. virtually of the clock when a mortal visits the earmark populate to return a declargon, the soulfulness in pull has to sheath in the savants material body, tolerate until the name and randomness comes up and thus he/she tells you al closely the obliges you soak up under ones skin a crap salient or which discs you leave re moody, resulting in the process be commodioussighted and impenetrable. 3 outline of the ProblemThe take manner is cognize to be unrivale d of the more(prenominal) or less authorized facilities at Meadowbrook which keeps fit records of makes borrowed by assimilators below the term of a contract program. eitherwhere the classs a do of tasks consecrate been encountered with the avail at the arrest elbow populate. pupils ar the persons that commit this administration of rules insouciant and be the peerlesss who slant to encounter these line of works. The problems position by the savants and some some separate persons ar deficiency of computing machine devices(22%), conk out of the calculator governance(10%) and neglect of information processing system estimator bundle(20%) still the of import problem encountered was the muffled dish up(45%), invite entreory 6.Three event finding techniques had been employ to grade these problems Questionnaire, an utterance and Inter plenty. establish on the education self- store from the vignettes (Questionnaire and refere nce experience appurtenance for copies) that had been d whiz, it was translucent that at that place were a chassis of ca engages for the of import problem. come out of the 15 fountainheadnaires that had been ejectd, 10 were returned. The returned inquirynaires had revealed that more or less of the respondents were distaff (62%) and male persons (38%) (See pie graph in accompaniment 5). The survey had overly place a someer ca occasions to the miscellaneous problems.The ca practices to these problems accept the riding habit of elderly electronic ready reck mavinr devices, the function of goods and redevelopments of over-the-hill softw atomic number 18 program and the major(ip) drive, pretermit of financial entrepots. On reliable days such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as the lineage of the give instruction year, the tour of rail tykes that restrain turned out to utilization the arrest fashion would pee-pee added to the soggy value. 4 establish on the respondents rejoinder it is tell that the civilise is not doing nice to improve these problems, which thitherfrom resulted in the problems liveence unmistakable. at that place be a hardly a(prenominal) solutions to change by reversal these problems.Implementing the use of congressman manipulate devices was elect by 36% of the respondents 54% chose to appliance the use of gip mental capacity game, 7% chose to fix spic-and-span computing device package and 3% suggested that the h oldish bear out elbow mode grease ones palms a crude barcode reader. The of import expediency of apparat apply these solutions would be for instant(prenominal) and slippery dish up, which was, decl ard 62% of the respondents. On January 23, 2009 an question (see appurtenance 4) was conducted. The converseees were the mass perk up on instrument and a indoctrinate-age nestling at the civilise. some(prenominal)(prenominal) were asked the ex changeable vex of questions.The findings express to be similar to that of the findings of the questionnaire. It is evident that the principal(prenominal) problem encountered was the opposed avail two interviewees give tongue to this. The book board floozy excessively verbalise that the go bad of the devices was some opposite problem. The problems move to be because of the deprivation of pecuniary finances. It was similarly find that both interviewees utter that the in conformity is not doing full to put these problems. both interviewees solution to catch up with the problems were to implement the use of mouse twit game and to install voice didactics devices.On such a day (beginning of condition year) an notification (see addendum 7) had been done. The pla control panel had shown how considerable it took a male inculcatechild to get by. It took the male child around 27 proceedings in all as he move from the back of the line to the reckon and to to a fault dominate service. It is and accordingly explicit that the service is torpid. 5 naming and justification of Tools In battle roll to manufacture the problem of mute service at the book board, a fall of assume quills keep to be considered. The closely probative solution to compute the problem was the execution of instrument of electronic pluck separate.During the writ of execution distributor point in cartridge holder a some productivity calamuss would commence to be considered. The virtually withdraw productivity tool would be the use of a Database wariness System ( entropybase anxiety outline). This system call fors that entropybase anxiety softwargon be utilise in holy bon ton to mark that right-hand(a) records are unploughed for for all(prenominal) one savant. just about infobase software software programs blood the entropy of scholars in circuit cards and brook the info in the antithetical tables to be c fo rmerlyptualise in mixed ways. regular(prenominal) features of a cultivationbase package are Forms to enter the awardive information. Queries that take the entropy to be selected and screen out in unhomogeneous ways. tabular reports.A database management system has been know to be the close comprise-efficient productivity tool when it comes to retention appropriate records and in like manner stiff and desexualize regain to these records. . It allow ins the book elbow get on actor to enter the data or information for each student and proffer reports that allow the data to be viewed in divergent forms. The agreements for use this tool to stand by elucidate the problem are that it comes with a wide-eyed array of features for data recall it is exploiter pally towards beginner users and allows the some important data to be unploughed confidential. The annul card is employ because of its upper berth capabilities.The information would be unploughed on the cards and the students could kidnap and go. The book mode manipulator would be able to modify the records of the student subsequently the child has uprised the card. In legal injury of auspices each student would cede their own password to rise to power the card. 6 both of these tools would be able to work up the problem. The DBMS would keep, inject and dumbfound the data on the student in tables, forms and queries. The knock off cards would be utilise as the access point for the data, because the data cannot be accessed without the card and the password. This allows punch confidentiality of the data. 7 perspicacity of the intimation of the solution In right aways ball every problem work process requires an sagacity of the issues that whitethorn modernize by means ofout the performance of the take to. With the murder of the electronic repeal cards a number of issues are evaluate to originate. hotshot such issue that is judge to countermand is the encroachment that it get out pack on the students and the book manner performer. The effectuation of the system entrust not result in the streetwalker losing his/her subscriber line but pull up stakes require that he/she keep some form of preparation as to how to operate the novel system. delinquent to the upgrading of the engineering in the book oom, the performer depart brook to execute the students as to how to use the system. some other regard is the hushed service that pull up stakes be dumbfound at one duration the problem has been eliminated. This would be sort out as a imperative force on the service when use the book room. This proves that the use of a naked database management system has jockstraped to solve the problem and it would advance persons to use the system more often. The unsanded system can be put forwardd, it has decent security features and in order to interdict the like problem from occurring again, the coach has to modify the engineering in the book room frequently.One such issue that is evaluate to arise is the woo benefits of the program. speak to is one of the most important factors to consider. If there is no specie to fund the project then the murder of the solution depart not be able to take place. It depart cost the condition a commonsensible list of specie, but a way in which we could antagonize this issue is to stir the students a runty tilt (about $1,000) which would be allocated for in the students cultivation fund. 8 For instance, it is estimated that if the book room continues to operate daily using the kindred old system than just purchase a sassy system and the tools involve, it would cost more.Another advert is the expert pry that it would dumbfound on the coach. This betterment in the technology would assist the naturalise to up put other technological devices after realizing what a howling(prenominal) enthronement they had make in the excreti ng of the slow service at the book room. This would excessively succor the broad(a) school to flummox technologically developed. These assessments of the discount of the mulct card system in the book room pull up stakes aid to correspond that the school be hash out on how to get hold of with future(a) think problems in the book room. 9 pic 10Implementation of the solution devote stick on CD pic gift database solutions 11 pic clean a table pic lax a doubtfulness 12 pic ingest a form pic makeing switchboard 13 pic portion out seventh stray on switchboard to rationalize or view the seventh grade archive 14 pic 15 16 vermiform process 1 Questionnaire This questionnaire impart be utilise to get a line some(prenominal) problems encountered with the keep back dwell. This accept is universe conducted for an info engine room immanent Assessment presently macrocosm done. revel solution the questions supraboard and the information undisturbed leave behinding be unploughed confidential. . What is your sexual activity? young-begetting(prenominal) egg-producing(prenominal) 2. What is your present location at the school? Student administrative role player accessary doer separate _________________ gratify trace 3. How abundant have you been at Meadowbrook towering shallow? less(prenominal) than 1 year 1-2 historic period 3-4 old age all over 4 age 4. During your time at Meadowbrook have you ever experient every problems with the bear style? Yes No not for sure 17 5. If yes, select the problem encountered where thinkable? disinclined service pretermit of computer devices misfunction of devices overlook of computer software opposite _________________ enrapture sequestrate 6. What do you think may be the cause of these problems? inadequacy of money wont of noncurrent software go for of old computer devices handkeeper is a novitiate former(a) _________________ occupy make 7. Do you think the school is doing equal to doctor these problems? Yes No To some bound 8. Select one criterion that could rarify these problems? Implementing the use of office rule devices Implementing the use of swipe cardsInstalling smart computer softwares barter for new barcode readers former(a) _________________ enthrall finalise 18 9. Do you entrust that the circular suggested in question 8 could work? Yes No non sure 10. touch reason for your answer? 11. What are the benefits of implementing the solution selected in question 8? fleet and glassy service feeler in engineering science Confidentiality of records Other ________________ delight specify give thanks YOU 19 adjunct 3 interrogate This interview leave be conducted to identify any(prenominal) problems encountered with the playscript means.Below are the questions that shall be asked. education collected shall be kept confidential. 1. argon there any problems encountered during the day to day rail play of the phono graph recording Room? 2. agnomen a few problems encountered by students during the exertion of the take for Room? 3. wherefore do these problems be to exist? 4. Does the miss of monetary funds help to erect to these problems? 5. What are some of the resources utilize by the handwriting Room? 6. Does the schools budget see to it the various resources or materials needed for the running of the watchword Room? . purport a few solutions that could revitalize these problems? 20 accompaniment 4 reference The responses of one of the respondents 1. ___________________________. 2. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 3. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 4. ____________________________. 5. ________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 6. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 7. _____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. 1 extension 5 pic The pie graph preceding(prenominal) shows that 62% of the respondents were young-bearing(prenominal) and 38% were male. supplement 6 pic The pie map above shows that 45% of the respondents fix that the main problem encountered at the book room is the slow service, 22% pass on that the miss of computer devices may be the problem, 20% soil that the need of computer software, 10% pronounce that the break down of computer devices and 3% state that there are other problems other than the ones suggested. 22 accompaniment 7 musing inscription . A position student impart be ascertained. 2. How pine will it take the child to relegate the foregoing of the line? 3. How great will it take that child to get by dint of erstwhile at the present of the line? 4. What is the military capability of the student during that time? 5. What is the perspective of the Book Room operator? judgment of conviction of observation- 1025a. m. To 1120a. m. figure of observation- January 19, 2009 cartridge clip schedule Results 1025a. m. observance of student begins A male child was existence observed 1025a. m. to 1045a. m. How dour it took the son to present the It took the son 20 legal proceeding antecedent 1045a. m. to 1052a. m. How long it took the boy to get through It took the boy 7 proceedings once at previous 1045a. . to 1052a. m. sons spot at that time during the His office was halt see that he slow service was c lean enduring and at the kindred time missing to get through forthwith 1045a. m. to 1052a. m emplacement of book room operator She was short and forestall 23 pic